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United States Court of Appeals,
Fifth Circuit.
No. 91-6070.
Charles E. Gene SMITH and Joan Smith, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
AMERICA WEST AIRLINES, INC. and Connie Lynn Weaver, Defendants-Appellees.
Oct. 14, 1993.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas.
Before DAVIS and JONES, Circuit Judges, and PARKER*, District Judge.
EDITH H. JONES, Circuit Judge:
This appeal presents the question whether the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 preempts a
state law claim for negligence relating to the airline's alleged failure to employ adequate safety
measures. The district court held that the plaintiffs' causes of action were preempted by 49
U.S.C.App. § 1305 and dismissed the complaint. We affirm in light of our unpublished opinion in
Baugh v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., No. 90-2074, 915 F.2d 693 (Table) (5th Cir. Sept. 14, 1990)
and our published opinion in O'Carroll v. American Airlines, Inc., 863 F.2d 11 (5th Cir.), cert.
denied, 490 U.S. 1106, 109 S.Ct. 3158, 104 L.Ed.2d 1021 (1989).
I.
BACKGROUND
On January 16, 1990, America West flight 727 was hijacked en route to Las Vegas from
Houston. The hijacker forced the pilot to land the aircraft in Austin, Texas, so that it could be
refueled and flown to Cuba. At the Austin airport, police overpowered the hijacker and placed him
under arrest.
Passengers on the airplane brought a lawsuit in state court against America West and Connie
Lynn Weaver claiming that the defendants were negligent in permitting the hijacker to board the
aircraft . The defendants removed the action to federal court and promptly moved to dismiss the
*Chief District Judge of the Eastern District of Texas, sitting by designation.

action on the ground that the plaintiffs' state law tort claims were preempted by the Airline
Deregulation Act of 1978 (ADA), 49 U.S.C.App. § 1301 et seq., and that no implied cause of action
existed under the Federal Aviation Act. The district court granted the defendants' motion and
dismissed the complaint. The plaintiffs appeal.
II.
DISCUSSION
In Baugh, supra, we held that a state-law tort claim for personal injury is preempted by 49
U.S.C.App. § 1305 if the claim relates to the airline's rates, routes, or services. The claim in Baugh,
for a stewardess's having negligently stomped on a passenger's foot, was held to be related to
services. We have criticized the breadth of Baugh 's preemption analysis in Hodges v. Delta Airlines,
Inc., --- F.2d ----, No. 91-6037, released concurrently herewith. Plaintiffs' petition here alleges
several acts or omissions of negligence and gross negligence by America West and Weaver. These
allegations generally accuse America West and Weaver of failing to warn or protect ticketed
passengers against hazards which were known or should have been known to the defendants by
allowing Jose Manuel Gonzales-Gonzales to board flight 727 at Houston Intercontinental Airport.
The plaintiffs allege that America West and Weaver failed to use boarding practices stringent enough
to prevent Gonzalez-Gonzalez from boarding the aircraft, as a result of which plaintiffs' safety was
seriously compromised.
This lawsuit posits claims that are more closely related to airline services than those in Hodges
or Baugh. Further, in O'Carroll v. American Airlines, Inc., 863 F.2d 11 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 490
U.S. 1106, 109 S.Ct. 3158, 104 L.Ed.2d 1021 (1989), thi s court held that § 1305 preempted, as
related to "services", the claims of a passenger who was bumped from a flight because of
disorderliness. It is a difficult question whether any negligence that can be attributed to the
defendants for permitting Gonzales-Gonzales to board flight 727 is integrally "related to" the airline's
services and has the "forbidden significant effect" that compels § 1305 preemption. Morales v. Trans
World Airlines, Inc., --- U.S. ----, 112 S.Ct. 2031, 2039, 119 L.Ed.2d 157 (1992). It may be that
allowing this lawsuit to proceed would neither have a significant regulatory effect on the airline's

services nor would it impermissibly cause common-law regulation of boarding practices. Until this
court overturns or modifies its opinions in Baugh and O'Carroll, however, further speculation on the
preemptive scope of § 1305 is moot.
Therefore, the judgment of the district court must be AFFIRMED.