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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FLORIDA
CASE NO. SC00-2341
DCA Case No. 1D00-4745
Circuit Court Case No. 00-2808
ALBERT GORE, JR., Nominee of the Democratic Party of the United States for President of the
United States, and JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Nominee of the Democratic Party of the United States
for Vice President of the United States,
Plaintiffs/Appellants,
vs.
KATHERINE HARRIS, as SECRETARY OF STATE, STATE OF FLORIDA, et al.,
Defendants/Appellees.
BRIEF OF INTERVENOR, JOHN E. THRASHER
W. Robert Vezina, III
Florida Bar No. 329401
Frederick J. Springer
Florida Bar No. 982164
Vezina, Lawrence & Piscitelli, P.A.
318 North Calhoun Street
Tallahassee, Florida 32301
(850) 224-6205
(850) 224-1353 (facsimile)
Counsel for John E. Thrasher

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
Table of Citations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Statement of the Case and Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Summary of Argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
A.
Section 102.168 Does Not Apply to a Presidential Election . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
B.
The Certification of Electors Mooted Plaintiffs' Contest Challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
C.
The Court Cannot Entertain any New Procedure for Electing Presidential
Electors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Certificate of Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
ii

TABLE OF CITATIONS
CASES
Fladell v. The Elections Canvassing Comm'n (Fla. 15th Judicial Circuit Nov. 20, 2000),
aff'd Fladell v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Bd., Case Nos. SC00-2372 & SC00-2376
(Fla. Dec. 1, 2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7, 9-10
Harden v. Garrett, 483 So. 2d 409 (Fla. 1985) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
McLaughlin v. State, 721 So. 2d 1170 (Fla. 1998) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
McPherson v. Flynn, 397 So. 2d 665 (Fla. 1981) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Palm Beach Canvassing Bd. v. Harris, Case No. 00-2346 (Fla. Nov. 22, 2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Pearson v. Taylor, 159 Fla. 775, 32 So. 2d 826 (1947) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
State ex rel. Bisbee v. Drew, 17 Fla. 67 (1879) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
STATUTES
3 U.S.C. § 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 U.S.C. § 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 11
3 U.S.C. § 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3 U.S.C. § 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 9
§ 99.012, Fla. Stat. (2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
§ 99.012(3)(a), Fla. Stat. (2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
§ 102.111, Fla. Stat. (2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
§ 102.168, Fla. Stat. Stat. (2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10, 12
§ 102.168(1), Fla. Stat. (2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
iii

§ 102.168(4), Fla. Stat. (2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
§ 102.168(6), Fla. Stat. (2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
§ 103.011, Fla. Stat. (2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 3, 6-7
§ 103.021(1), Fla. Stat. (2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 3
§ 103.021(5), Fla. Stat. (2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
§ 103.031, Fla. Stat. (2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
§ 103.061, Fla. Stat. (2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
OTHER AUTHORITIES
Art. II, § 1, cl. 2, U.S. Const. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Art. II, § 5, Fla. Const. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
iv

As one of the twenty-five Republican electors chosen by Florida voters on November 7, 2000,
and certified by Governor Jeb Bush, John E. Thrasher was granted leave to intervene in the circuit court
proceedings. Although he agrees with the practical outcome of the final judgment from which appeal is
taken (and, therefore, has not cross-appealed), he submits this brief demonstrating why the circuit court
lacked jurisdiction to grant the relief plaintiffs sought.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE AND FACTS
The election to select the presidential electors from the State of Florida was held on November 7,
2000, the same day as the election for other states' electors. See §103.011, Fla. Stat. (2000). Prior to
the election, the Governor of the State of Florida nominated and certified to the Secretary of State
competing slates of presidential electors for the Republican Party of Florida and the Florida Democratic
Party, as well as other political parties. See § 103.021(1), Fla. Stat. (2000). The names of the candidates
for President and Vice President of the United States were printed on the ballots that were used in the
election on November 7, and Florida voters cast their votes for these candidates. See § 103.011, Fla.
Stat. (2000). Under Florida law, however, those votes are only "counted as votes for the presidential
electors supporting such candidates." § 103.011, Fla. Stat. (2000).
The results of the election were certified by each county canvassing board and forwarded to the
Department of State. See § 102.111, Fla. Stat. (2000). The Elections Canvassing Commission thereafter
certified the returns of the election. See id.
The certification Plaintiffs challenge in this action took place on November 26, 2000, when the
Elections Canvassing Commission certified returns of the November 7 general election. Thereafter, the
1

Governor executed a Certificate of Ascertainment certifying the twenty-five Republican Presidential
Electors for the State of Florida. The Certificate of Ascertainment certified that the Republican Presidential
Electors received a plurality of the votes in the General Election held in Florida on November 7, 2000. On
November 27, 2000, the Governor forwarded this Certificate of Ascertainment to the United States
Archivist.
The President and Vice President of the United States will ultimately be chosen on January 6, 2000,
during a joint session of Congress where the electoral votes of each state will be counted. Once the votes
are counted, the result will be delivered to the President of the United States Senate, who will then
announce the vote. That announcement will be deemed a sufficient declaration of the persons elected
President and Vice President of the United States. See 3 U.S.C. § 15.
2

SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT
This case arises out of a complaint filed by appellants, contesting the results of the general election
held on November 7, 2000, and certified on November 26, 2000. The case demonstrates a fundamental
misunderstanding of how this country elects its President and Vice-President.
Voters in this country do not directly elect the President and Vice-President of the United States.
Instead, under Article II, section 1, clause 2 of the United States Constitution, the Florida Legislature has
exclusive authority to determine the method and manner of nominating presidential electors for each political
party. See § 103.021(1), Fla. Stat. (2000) (codifying the method and manner by which presidential
electors are selected in Florida). Once a slate of presidential electors for each political party has been
nominated in accordance with Florida's statutory scheme, each voter of the State of Florida then votes at
the general election for one of the political party's slate of presidential electors. See § 103.011, Fla. Stat.
(2000). The slate of presidential electors receiving the plurality of Florida's popular vote then, in turn,
votes for the Presidential and Vice-Presidential candidates themselves at a meeting of presidential electors
on December 18, 2000. See id.
Florida law provides no statutory mechanism for contesting the election of these presidential
electors. Instead, Section 102.168, Florida Statutes (2000), applies only to a contest to the election of
"any person to office." The presidential electors selected on November 7 do not hold any "office" under
Florida law, thereby making Section 102.168 inapplicable to their election on November 7. Moreover,
Plaintiffs themselves were not candidates in any election on November 7 but, instead, are candidates for
President and Vice-President of the United States in an election that will take place when Florida's
3

presidential electors cast their votes on December 18, 2000. As a result, Section 102.168 has no bearing,
and cannot be read to apply, to the election for of the President and Vice-President of the United States.
Because no other statutory mechanism exists for contesting the election of presidential electors or the
election of President and Vice-President, the circuit court lacked authority to entertain the challenge.
4

ARGUMENT
A.
Section 102.168 Does Not Apply To A Presidential Election.
Florida does not recognize any common law right to contest an election. See McPherson v.
Flynn, 397 So. 2d 665, 668 (Fla. 1981); see also Pearson v. Taylor, 159 Fla. 775, 776, 32 So. 2d 826,
827 (Fla. 1947); Harden v. Garrett, 483 So. 2d 409, 411 (Fla. 1985). To the extent that right exists,
it must be expressly granted by the Florida Legislature. See McPherson, 397 So. 2d at 668. This Court
has long recognized that where the language of a statute is "clear and unambiguous and conveys a clear and
definite meaning, there is no occasion for resorting to the rules of statutory interpretation and construction;
the statute must be given its plain and obvious meaning." McLaughlin v. State, 721 So. 2d 1170, 1172
(Fla. 1998). The Court reaffirmed that principle in its recent decision in Palm Beach Canvassing Bd. v.
Harris, No. 00-2346, at 25-26 (Fla. Nov. 22, 2000), where the Court stated:
Where the language of the [Florida Election] Code is clear and amenable to
a reasonable and logical interpretation, courts are without power to diverge
from the intent of the Legislature as expressed in the plain language of the
Code.
Section 102.168 is unambiguous. According to its terms, it does not provide any cause of action
to contest a Presidential election, or the election of "presidential electors."
This exact issue was recently addressed by the circuit court in its Order of November 20, 2000,
in Fladell v. The Elections Canvassing Comm'n of the State of Fla. (15th Judicial Circuit).1 The court,
1On December 1, 2000, this Court concluded that pertinent rulings by the Fladell court are a
nullity, because the Court affirmed on other grounds. See Fladell v. Palm Bch. County Canvassing Bd.,
Nos. SC00-2372 & SC00-2376, at 4 (Fla. Dec. 1, 2000).
5

after an extensive analysis of the Legislature's intent in drafting Sections 102.168 and 103.011, held that
Section 102.168 was not intended to apply to Presidential elections. See id. at 10-15.
The plaintiffs in Fladell sought an injunction against certification of the results of this Presidential
election. They argued that the election should be declared void and that the winner should be declared in
an election contest under Section 102.168 because of alleged irregularities in the form of the ballot used
in Palm Beach County. The plaintiffs in Fladell thus argued that the contest provision of Section 102.168
provided the alternative means of selecting presidential electors provided by 3 U.S.C. § 2, which allows
the Florida Legislature to apply alternative means to select electors where a state "has failed to make a
choice on the day prescribed by law."
The Fladell court engaged in an extensive and careful analysis of the state and federal procedures
for nominating and electing presidential electors. The court noted that the provisions for certifying the
election of presidential electors are set forth elsewhere in the Florida Statutes: "The Legislature of the State
of Florida, pursuant to the authority granted by Congress, enacted §103.011, Florida Statutes, in an effort
to codify the procedure or mechanics for conducting elections for Presidential electors." Fladell, slip op.
at 6. The court further noted that Section 103.011, entitled "Electors of President and Vice President,"
makes no provision for a "contest" of the Presidential election. The court concluded from this omission that
the Florida Legislature did not intend for Section 102.168 to apply to Presidential elections. Id. at 15.
Rather, the court held, "[a] review of the statutes that immediately follow §102.168 point to the conclusion
that §102.168 was intended to apply to elected officers other than the Presidency." Id. at 9, n.3
(emphasis added).
6

The analysis of this issue by the Fladell court is indisputably correct. Section 103.011 provides
for the certification of the election of "presidential electors." That section, which specifically relates to the
election of Presidential electors, does not provide for any contest of the election. Various provisions of
Chapter 103 provide means by which presidential electors can be replaced. For example, when an elector
is "unable to serve because of death, incapacity or otherwise . . . the Governor may appoint a person to
fill such vacancy . . ." § 103.021(5), Fla. Stat. (2000) (emphasis added). Similarly, if an elector is absent
from the meeting of electors, the remaining electors can vote to appoint a replacement. § 103.061, Fla.
Stat. (2000). However, while Florida law provides these mechanisms for replacing "presidential electors"
after the election is certified, it does not provide for any "contest" of that election.
A plain reading of Section 102.168 further confirms that that section was not intended by the
Florida Legislature to apply to the contest of a Presidential election.
First, had the Florida Legislature intended for Section 102.168 to be a means for contesting a
Presidential election, it would not have provided that the action was available only to contest "the
certification of election . . . of any person to office." See § 102.168(1), Fla. Stat. Despite the inclusion
of the names of Governor Bush and Vice President Gore on the ballot on November 7, the only persons
"elected" in connection with the Presidential election on that date were "presidential electors." See §
103.031, Fla. Stat. (2000).
It is altogether possible for a candidate for President of the United States to be "successful" in the
Presidential election in Florida, yet take no office. This is in fact what happened in the 1992 Presidential
election, for example, where President Bush received the most votes in the Florida Presidential election,
but did not take office because he did not receive the majority of votes cast by the presidential electors.
7

As this example demonstrates, the only "successful" candidates in any Presidential election in Florida are
the "presidential electors."
It is further clear that "presidential electors" are not "successful candidates" for "office" as that term
is used in the Election Code. In light of the "resign to run" law set forth in Section 99.012, Florida Statutes,
and Article 2, section 5 of the Florida Constitution, the term "office" cannot be interpreted to include the
position of "presidential elector." Indeed, if "presidential elector" were an office, then numerous
presidential electors proposed by the candidates prior to the November 7 election would have been
required to resign from any office they currently held in Florida. See Art. II, § 5, Fla. Const.; §
99.012(3)(a), Fla. Stat. (2000) ("No person may qualify as a candidate for more than one public office,
whether federal, state, district, county, or municipal, if the terms or any part thereof run concurrently with
each other.");2 cf. § 102.168(1), Fla. Stat. (2000) (providing that an unsuccessful "candidate for such
office" may file a contest).
Second, had the Florida Legislature intended for Section 102.168 to be a means for contesting
a Presidential election, it would not have identified the "unsuccessful candidate" as a proper plaintiff or
required that the "successful candidate" be named as an indispensable party. See §§ 102.168(1), (4), Fla.
Stat. (2000). The certification of a Presidential election by the Elections Canvassing Commission states
only the number of votes received by the candidates for President. It does not "certify" the election of the
2In the case of the presidential electors recommended prior to the election by the Florida
Democratic Party, this would mean that Attorney General Bob Butterworth, Senators Buddy Dyer, Daryl
Jones, Kendrick Meek, and Les Miller, and Representative Robert Henriquez would all be in violation of
Florida law because they failed to submit resignations from their current officer before becoming candidates
for the "office" of "presidential elector."
8

President of the United States. The successful candidate for that office will not be determined until January
6, when the votes of the presidential electors will be counted. See 3 U.S.C. §15.
Third, had the Florida Legislature intended for Section 102.168 to provide a vehicle for contesting
a Presidential election, or the certification of presidential electors, it would have provided a mechanism for
ordering meaningful relief under the statute. The relief contemplated under Section 102.168 is not only
unavailable or inappropriate in light of the nature of the office, but preempted by federal law. For example,
Section 102.1682 provides, in the event "the contestant is found to be entitled to the office," for the entry
of a judgment of "ouster" against the successful candidate. The courts of the state of Florida clearly lack
the authority to enter a judgement of "ouster" against a sitting President of the United States. See Fladell,
slip op. at 9, n.3 ("Surely, this Court is without authority to enter a judgment of `ouster' against the
President and Vice President of the United States."); see also State ex rel. Bisbee v. Drew, 17 Fla. 67
(1879).
Finally, had the Florida Legislature intended for Section 102.168 to provide a vehicle for
contesting a Presidential election, or the certification of presidential electors, it would have included
procedures for the orderly contest of the election within the limited time allowed under federal law. Section
102.168 provides no guidance on this subject at all. See Fladell, slip op. at 9-10 ("The times limitations
included in §102.168 do not necessarily coincide with the time constraints of 3 U.S.C.A. § 5."). Instead,
the statute provides that the defendant has ten days in which to prepare and file an answer. See §
102.168(6), Fla. Stat. (2000). This statute clearly was not designed to contest a Presidential election.
9

B.
The Certification of Electors Mooted Plaintiffs' Contest Challenge
As the above discussion amply demonstrates, Section 102.168 of the Florida Election Code
cannot be read to provide a circuit court with jurisdiction to adjudicate a contest to the certification of the
results of the Presidential election. This section also provides no basis for challenging the "Certificate of
Ascertainment" that identifies the presidential electors from the State of Florida.
The Secretary of State, acting under Florida law, certified the results of the Presidential election
held on November 7. That certification triggered a series of events under Florida and federal law, including
the transmittal of the "Certificate of Ascertainment of Presidential Electors" to the Archivist of the United
States on November 27. That document identifies the "Republican Presidential Electors for the State of
Florida."
This Certificate of Ascertainment has independent effect under federal law, see 3 U.S.C. § 6, and
it has not been challenged in this case. Even if Plaintiffs were to succeed in this action, the circuit court
could not have provided any meaningful relief.
C.
The Court Cannot Fashion Any New Procedure For Electing Presidential Electors
The Florida Legislature established procedures for selecting presidential electors prior to the
November 7 general election. Those procedures are set forth in Chapter 103, Florida Statutes. Fladell,
slip op. at 6. The procedures in effect on November 7, 2000, did not allow, and no statute then
promulgated by the Florida Legislature contemplated, any action to contest the certification of the results
of the Presidential election. Similarly, no statute in effect at the time of the November election provided
any mechanism for contesting the "Certificate of Ascertainment" which was forwarded to the Archivist of
the United States on November 26.
10

Florida law does not provide any basis other than those codified in Chapter 103, Florida Statutes,
for replacing duly certified presidential electors. To interpret the Florida Statutes to provide for the contest
of either the certification of the election or the certification of the presidential electors, the court would have
to establish new procedures for selecting electors for the State of Florida. Any electors selected by this
new procedure would be selection in violation of federal law. See 3 U.S.C. § 5.
11

CONCLUSION
The foregoing analysis demonstrates that section 102.168 of the Florida Election Code does not
apply to the unique exercise of electing the President and Vice-President of the United States.
Respectfully submitted,

W. Robert Vezina, III
Florida Bar No. 329401
Frederick J. Springer
Florida Bar No. 982164
Vezina, Lawrence & Piscitelli, P.A.
318 North Calhoun Street
Tallahassee, Florida 32301
(850) 224-6205
(850) 224-1353 (facsimile)
Counsel for John E. Thrasher
12

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I HEREBY CERTIFY that a true copy of the foregoing has been furnished by facsimile on this
day of December, 2000, to the following:
John D.C. Newton
Dexter Douglass
Mitchell Berger
Douglass Law Firm
Berger Davis & Singerman
211 E. Call Street
215 South Monroe Street, Suite 705
Tallahassee, FL 32302
Tallahassee, FL 32301
Deborah Kearney, General Counsel
Donna Blanton
Florida Department of State
Steel Hector & Davis
The Capitol
215 South Monroe Street, Suite 601
400 South Monroe Street, Plaza 02
Tallahassee, FL 32301
Tallahassee, FL 32399
Tucker Ronzetti
Jason L. Unger
Assistant County Attorney
Gray Harris & Robinson
111 N.W. 1st Street
301 S. Bronough Street, Suite 600
Miami, FL 33130
Tallahassee, FL 32301
Andrew McMahon
Gary Rutledge
Palm Beach County Attorney Office
Rutledge Ecenia Prunell & Hoffman
301 N. Olive Avenue, Suite 601
215 South Monroe Street, Suite 420
West Palm Beach, FL 33401
Tallahassee, FL 32301
David Boies
Thomas M. Karr
Boies Schiller & Flexner, LLP
Alvin Lindsay, III
80 Business Park Drive, Suite 110
Steel Hector & Davis, LLP
Armonk, NY 10504
215 South Monroe Street, Suite 601
Tallahassee, FL 32301
Barry Richard
Fred H. Barlit, Jr.
Greenberg Traurig, P.A.
Philip Beck
101 East College Avenue
Barlit Beck Herman, Palencher & Scott
Tallahassee, FL 32301
1899 Wynkoop Street, 8th Floor
Denver, CO 80202
13

Ben Ginsburg
Harold McLean
State Republican Headquarters
Florida Department of Agriculture and
420 West Jefferson Street
Consumer Services
Tallahassee, Fl 32301
515 Mayo Building
407 South Calhoun Street
Tallahassee, FL 32399
Darryl B. Bristow
Craig Meyer
G. Irvin Terrell
Florida Department of Agriculture and
Baker Botts LLP
Consumer Services
One Shell Plaza
The Capitol
910 Louisiana
Tallahassee, FL 32399
Houston, TX 77002-4995
Bruce Rogow
Larry Klayman
Bruce S. Rogow, P.A.
501 School Street, S.W., Suite 725
500 E. Broward Blvd., Suite 1930
Washington, DC 20024
Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33394
Michael S. Mullin
Terrell C. Madigan
191 Nassau Place
McFarlain Wiley Cassedy & Jones
Yulee, FL 32097
215 S. Monroe Street, Suite 600
Tallahassee, FL 32301
R. Frank Myers
William Kemper Jennings
Messer Caparello & Self
P.O. Box 1256
215 South Monroe Street, Suite 701
DeFuniak Springs, FL 32435
Tallahassee, FL 32301
Jeffrey D. Robinson
Joseph E. Sandler
Baach Robinson & Lewis
Sandler & Reiff, PC
One Thomas Circle, N.W.
6 E. Street
Washington, DC 20005
Washington, DC 20003
B.J. Quinn
Associated Court Reporters
519 East Park Avenue
14

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